Custom rate guides are well-used resources in those states that continue to do the survey legwork; unfortunately, many do not. Each year, eHay Weekly offers readers a one-stop shop for accessing custom fieldwork rate information from those states that have done surveys in the past few years. Especially for forage crops, custom fieldwork and harvesting is a common practice.

Custom farm operation inputs and associated costs have continued to trend higher in recent years, so we see rates doing much the same. Labor has also become both a limiting and higher-cost expense.

As in past years, there are states that have updated their rate guides since a year ago. Of course, many states no longer do custom rate surveys. Only a few states survey custom operators every year (for example, Iowa), and many only do a survey every two to four years. In some cases, it is the state’s agriculture statistics service that leads the effort while in others it is the land-grant university.

The methods by which surveys are completed vary somewhat from state to state. Sometimes fuel is included, and in other cases, it is not. This will be an important consideration in 2026 as diesel prices have skyrocketed since the onset of the war in the Middle East. Most anticipate higher fuel prices won’t dissipate quickly, even after the conflict’s end.

Some states report more detail than others; for example, there may be separate line items for different large-bale sizes. Many are based on actual farmer and custom operator surveys, but a few states derive their charges from data compiled in surrounding states.

Most states cite the range of reported charges for a particular operation and the average and/or median charge. In addition, some states break out survey results by regions while others just offer a state average. Users need to keep in mind that values are derived from a variety of individual situations — new and old equipment, large and small equipment, and so forth.

Finally, custom rates are usually higher than actual machinery costs. This must be the case if profit is to be made. If you’re looking for insight into actual costs to operate machinery, the University of Minnesota is usually recognized as providing the gold standard with their “Machinery Cost Estimates,” which was last updated in 2024. The University of Illinois and Iowa State University also offer some help.

Below is a list of states with a link to their most recent custom rate guides. Only states that have updated rates since 2022 are included. Unfortunately, states in the South and West are noticeably underrepresented.

If you know of a state that was missed, please feel free to contact me (mrankin@hayandforage.com), and it will get added. Some of these states and others may be in the process of updating their survey but have not yet posted results (for example, Texas).